The knee joint is joint joint-This is a degenerative-given disease of a cartilage that leads to the exposure of bone heads and the impaired mobility of the joint.The disease is not inflammatory and progresses slowly - the switch from the initial stage to disability lasts from several years to decades.The osteoarthrosis of the knee joint is involved in the 5 most common causes of disability and disability worldwide.
More than 20% of people over 55 are exposed to knee -kindrosis (gonarthrosis), but the disease is quickly young -more and more symptoms have appeared at the age of 25.
Over time, treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint helps to avoid complications and cartilage destruction.
The joint signs of the knee joint
Joint cartilage wear is accompanied by characteristic properties, the intensity of which depends on the stage of the disease.Most often the patients complain:
- reducing morning stiffness and mobility in the joint (waking up);
- pain and discomfort in the knee that increases after physical effort (long walking, running or job) and decreasing when resting;
- Section 2 - so -called starting pains that occur after a long stay;
- increased fatigue often written for changes related to age;
- dry coarse crunch, which is repeated regularly when kneeling and bending;
- symptoms of edema and other inflammation that occur in stages of the disease due to trauma of perioster tissues;
- Mete sensitivity, increased symptoms in the cold season.
When you try to bow to the gonarthrosis knee, sharp pain and physical obstacle can occur.In later stages, even in the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint, patients interfere with patients (they enjoy, patients walk on rigid legs), and deformation of the lower limbs appears in the form of "O" or "X".
The misunderstanding of the disease lies in the fact that this can occur in a hidden form for years, and the first major symptoms often occur only in Stage 2 - when the complete restoration of the synovial cartilage is impossible.
Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor in the first signs of discomfort in the knee - for example, weak, as if it were painful of inadequate production of synovial fluid.Remember: knee pain is not the norm, regardless of age.Timely examination and treatment of arthrosis of the knee 1 can fully protect you from painful pain in the joints.
What will happen if the arthrosis of the knee is not treated?
In the case of self-healing, non-compliance with the doctor's recommendations or lack of treatment, the osteoarthrosis of the knee joint is on average 3-8 times faster than in complex therapy.If gonarthrosis occurs in an aggressive way, the patient may lose their ability to move normally before retirement age.
Effective treatment of knee arthrosis during the aggravation phase is particularly important.Raw weather, physical or emotional stress, allergies, intoxication, moving with another climate in the region - in other words, any shake of the body can provoke it.The aggravation of arthrosis results in the destruction of large amounts of chondrocits.In response to this, the body produces enzymes designed to process and remove dead cells.However, if their concentrations are too high, the healthy areas of the cartilage suffer - the cell membranes become thinner, then the focuses of the erosion appear on the synovial seizure of the joint.This process, if not stopped by treating the knee arthrosis, can flow within a few weeks and during chronic stress, lack of sleep or insufficient diet.
Finally, without treatment, the knee osteoarthosis leads to a complete decrease in the lumen of the joint gap due to the increase in osteophytes.The gap needed for normal movement is closed and the patient is unable to bow to 30-45 °.Difficulties are climbing not only on the stairs, but also an attempt to raise the sofa or everyday movement.This condition is accompanied by pains that are not helped by ordinary painkillers.In such cases, one of the possibilities for the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint is surgical, with full replacement of joint architecture with prosthesis and subsequent long -term rehabilitation.But in this case, most patients cannot return to a completely normal life.
Treatment of osteoarthrosis of the knee joint
Depending on the stage of the disease and the condition of the joint, conservative or surgical treatment of the knee joint.
The treatment of arthrosis of the 1st degree knee joint is always carried out by conservative methods - in the case of a successful combination of conditions and good self -pain, the patient can be obtained or permanent remission.
Treatment of arthrosis of the 2 degree knee joint is usually based on the use of all methods of conservative effects, but the doctor may decide on joint surgical interventions if the disease develops aggressively or with complications.
Treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint is almost always surgery.
Complex conservative treatment of the arthrosis of the knee joint involves the removal of pain and inflammation, the restoration of cartilage and the growth of joint movement.For this, the patient is prescribed orthopedic and relaxation, system and topical drugs (hormonal and non -moronal anti -inflammatory, painkillers, chondroprotectors and others).Injections of innovative biological methods are also spread - drug injections for the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint directly into the joint bag.At the same time, PRP infections (blood plasma enriched with platelets) and injections of stem cells obtained from the patient's own adipose tissue are used.In parallel, complementary and rehabilitation methods are combined - physiotherapy, massage, manual therapy, therapeutic gymnastics.
Osteoarthrosis of the knee joint is surgical in cases where the drugs are helpless.With this pathology, the doctor can prescribe the following interventions:
- Arthroscopy of the knee joint.A collective name for a group of minimally invasive operations is to remove the broken area of the joint tissue or osteofit or to partially cut off the common shell.This allows you to delay or exclude prostheses and eliminate discomfort at an early stage of the disease.It is primarily used to treat patients under 60 years of age.
- Osteotomy.Correction of a part of the bone and correcting the load axis on the sore knee, which allows you to slow down degenerative changes.It is usually performed during the treatment of arthrosis of the 2nd degree knee joint.
- Endoprosttetics.Partial or complete replacement of the knee joint with a titanium implant that serves 15-20 years.This technique is an extreme measure as it carries certain risks.Recommended for patients over 55 years of age.
All of these operations require the recovery period and have many contraindications, so the best solution is to prevent prevention (exercise therapy, chondroprotectors) and the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint at an early stage.
In addition to the main therapeutic techniques, other methods and other methods of reducing body weight are used.Knits and other orthoses (walking canes, orthopedic sole bites, etc.) are used to unload painful joints.
Treatment of knee arthrosis is prescribed an an-rhumatologist or orthopedic.At the first reception, it feels in the joint, performs motor tests, and then directs the patient to tomography or radiography.
Therapeutic gymnastics of the knee joint
Medical physical education of the lower belt limbs is considered to be the most effective method to reduce arthrosis and treatment of the 1st degree knee joint.The first results of therapeutic gymnastics occur after a continuous class of 2-4 weeks.The continuity of the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint is one of the main factors that affects the efficiency of physical therapy.The entire lesson is done once a day and recommends at least 3-4 warm-up during the day.
Knee's joint therapy gymnastics helps to relieve pain syndrome during remission.
The main task of physical exercises in the treatment of osteoarthrosis of the knee joint is to strengthen the muscles of the thighs and lower legs, to maintain elasticity of leagues and tendons, and to fight muscle atrophy, which is joint.This allows you to transmit the load from the joint to the periarticular structures - and thus slow down the mechanical wear of the cartilage and reduce inflammation.
The exercises for treating arthrosis knee are done on both legs!If sharp pain appears, the lesson must be stopped or slightly continued.
- Beginner position - lying on your back.One leg is bowed on the floor and the other is bowed by 90 ° (the lower leg is parallel to the floor).Movements with the lower legs up and down as much as the amplitude of the joint movement is allowed.
- Beginner situation - lies in the back.We do the "bike" exercise.
- Beginner situation - lying on the stomach.However, we hang our feet and try to bring the corner as close to the buttocks as possible.
- The starting position is lying on its side, the hand is bent under its head, or it stretches along the body under the head.It rests on the side of the other hand.We rotate upside down.We'll change the page.
- Beginner situation - lies in the back.Pull the legs on the floor in front of the corner (ourselves), the socks look "on ourselves".
- Beginner situation - lying on the stomach.The "boat" is done.If the physical preparation does not allow it, we place our palms on both sides of the chest and alternately hind us on the back surface of the thigh and the back surface of the lower leg.
- Beginner situation - lies in the back.We turn to the legs and try to describe the most complete circle with socks.
- Starting situation - standing against the wall.Slowly and smoothly squat without looking up from the wall with your back to distribute the cargo.When the legs are bending 90 ° to the knees, we start with smooth movement.
- The starting position is.Alternatively, turn our feet forward, back and side.
Please note how therapeutic gymnastics has its own peculiarity and change after the combined operations, depending on how many days have passed since the time of surgery.This is prescribed by a surgeon or rehabilitologist.
Massage with knee arthrosis
The therapeutic massage of the knee arthrosis is performed on both legs.Initially, at least 10-12 sessions are required for rehabilitologists or equipment for hydromassage equipment, but a simple general amplifier massage can be performed at home.This includes the following types of movements:
- superficial stroking and rubbing (up and down, software and clockwise);
- probe and stretching with deeper tissues;
- Tighten and touch the skin.
The joint massage of the knee should be done by a specialist who does not harm the sick joint.
Self -massage can be combined with the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint with medicines: there will be no unnecessary heating ointment or balm before or during the seat.You can also take a hot bath before the procedure.
Important: Massage is contraindicated to patients with symptoms of inflammation (osteoarthritis or aggravation of arthrosis).In this case, the treatment of the acute phase is required.
Diet for the joints
Standard performance protocol requires the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint:
- Limits products and foods rich in simple carbohydrates (white bread, sweets, snacks, sweets, potatoes, sugar);
- Exclusion of processed (ready for use) and rich foods - fast food, semi -prepared products, sausages;
- Fold the alcohol, decoderized coffee and fatty meat.
Instead, you should book in the menu:
- germinated and wholegrain foods;
- Diets of the northern seas and poultry;
- cartilage (ears, nyushki, legs and other parts in collagen), cold men and gel;
- Vegetables and fruits rich in vitamins and antioxidants (especially vitamin A, B12, C, E);
- Sources of nuts and other greasy omega acids and valuable minerals.
The joint diet of the knee joint provides a balanced diet that promotes the restoration of cartilage tissue.
Treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint with drugs - Vitamin Prime Minister complexes (2 courses per year) is also recommended.
Physiotherapy to treat osteoarthrosis of the knee
The following physiotherapeutic procedures are used to effectively treat knee -arthrosis and enhance the effects of drugs:
- magnetic therapy;
- laser therapy;
- UHF;
- ultrasound therapy;
- amplipulse;
- electrophoresis (including medical);
- ozokerite and paraffin applications;
- thermotherapy (cryotherapy, inductotermia);
- phonophoresis;
- Balneological therapy (sulfur, hydrogen sulfide baths).
Acupuncture is not usually used in the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint.
You need to consult your doctor before visiting the procedures - many types of physiotherapy are contraindicated when the disease is worsened.
Medicines for joint treatment of the knee joint
Treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint is treated with drugs and the patient's individual reaction is taken into account to the drugs selected.Drug treatment - injections, ointments or tablets to treat arthrosis of the knee joint - usually prescribed courses or, if necessary.
In order to choose the right medicine for the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint, consult the Doctor Who, who will select the necessary medicines after the exam.
There are many directions in the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint: alleviating the patient's life, improving the nutrition of the cartilage, regeneration of the cartilage and maintaining the norm of the musculoskeletal equipment.
No -steroid anti -inflammatory drugs
In tablets or capsules, courses (about 12 days) or, if necessary, depending on the intensity of the pain syndrome, are to relieve the exacerbation of NSAIDs.Controlled reception of NSAIDs with reduced instructions or doctor's recommendations is full of ulcers of the stomach or intestines.They should be extremely careful to combine them in combination with glucocorticosteroids and drugs that affect blood coagulation.Further risk factors - age, smoking, alcohol consumption during the course.In these cases, doctors generally recommend that the drugs are administered injected by bypassing the stomach.Together with NSAIDs, it is advisable to take gastroprotectors.
The maximum effect can be achieved with systemic NSAIDs (for internal administration) and external combinations - in the form of ointments, creams or gels.The second option provides a point effect on the affected joint and at the same time minimally affects digestion.
Corticosteroids (steroid drugs to treat arthrosis of the knee joint)
Hormonal drugs (Civil Code) are usually used to block the steroid of the knee in cases where NSAIDs are not sufficient to soothe pain and inflammation.
Injections of glucocorticoids are considered extreme measurement in the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint with drugs.20 minutes after administration, they are relieved, but hormonal disorders and cartilage damage can lead to violation of administrative rules.Due to the side effects, many orthopedics prefer to surgery for longer CC therapy.
Chondroprotectors in the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint
Condroprotective agents that are based on extracts from the seeds of cattle, sea fish and molluscs, contribute to the restoration of synovial cartilage and are therefore irreplaceable for effective treatment of knee arthrosis.Chondroprotectors contains a large number of glycosaminoglycan - natural polymers from which the cartilage is built.Therefore, they make chondrocites (cartilage cells) more stable, contribute to their growth, and enrich the synovial fluid.
Unlike anti -inflammatory drugs, chondroprotectors are virtually no contraindicated.Cumulative, extended effects-first repairs after 1-3 months of entry and the course duration of 3-6 months.
Squeeze
External products with a growing effect on the treatment of knee arthrosis improve the circulation and nutrition of the joint and remove the patient from pain.For this purpose, the natural ingredients use ointments, gels, creams and balms - bee or snake poison, pepper extract burning.
In the presence of an allergic reaction (sustained skin and pain, rash), during pregnancy and lactation, and in the presence of other contraindications, it is better to avoid ointments for the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint and limit them to warm baths, applications and external anti -inflammatory.
Synovial fluid prostheses
If the synovial fluid of the joint is too small, the slippage of the joint surfaces is disturbed.And most importantly, the cartilage starvation begins because the articular fluid, which drinks only one sponge, usually provides nutrients for growth and maintenance of cartilage tissue.To prevent cell destruction and mechanical wear of the knee cartilage, the doctor may prescribe the injections of the high molecular weight of the hyaluron.The injections of the drug are placed directly in the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint (viscostering) directly into the joint bag, which leads to rapid relief, which lasts 3 to 12 months at the end of the course.However, with the introduction of prostheses, there is a risk of necrotic changes or infections in the joint.
Malispasmodes, painkillers, muscle relaxes
In cases where cramps and muscle tension prevent the patient from falling asleep, causes pain during movement
Simple painkillers are not used in the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint because they cover the pain but do not relieve inflammation.You can use them or affordable NSAIDs without a doctor's prescription for up to 10 days and will require examination.
The form of release of drugs to treat arthrosis of the knee joint
For the comfort of patients, drugs to treat arthrosis of the knee joint are released in various forms.Is there a difference between them and which one to choose?
There are many forms of release of preparation for the treatment of knee arthrosis: eagle, injections, ointments, tablets.Choose what is best for you.
Capsules, eagle and tablets to treat arthrosis of the knee joint
Non -steroid anti -inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, chondroprotectors and muscle relaxes are produced in the form of oral administration.In this case, it is easy to dose, the reception is possible without the participation of a medical worker, it is easy to check which part of the course has already been handed over.When chondroprotectors and NSAIDs are taken inside, they have quite high bioavailability (especially in the form of Sasha).In the periarticular region, more than 95% of the charity from the drug is received when taking a chondroprotector.
Injection solutions
You can create the aforementioned NSAIDs, civil codes, chondroprotectors, and muscle lakes, and synovial fluid prostheses in the form of injections.This method of treating arthrosis of the knee joint shows maximum bio -relief.
This method of treatment of knee arthrosis is safe for digestion, but it is desirable that injections (intravenously, intramuscularly or intraarticular) are a trained medical staff.Intramuscular injections in the bottom or thigh can be performed independently.
External use
Locally increasing, anti -inflammatory and chondroprotective ointments are used externally to treat the knee joint.The advantage of such a drug is to control the effect on the affected tissue.However, the skin grows through active materials - unfortunately only 5% of the active ingredients reach the desired layers of the tissue.
We hope we can help.Dars is confident for you!